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71.
本研究通过低氮压力选择,筛选出甘蔗氮高效种质,分析影响甘蔗氮高效的重要指标,为甘蔗氮高效育种及栽培提供理论依据。以58份甘蔗种质资源为材料,在苗期采用正常供氮(2 mmol/L N)和低氮(0.2 mmol/L N)处理,分析甘蔗植株形态、干重及氮素在各器官中累积分配的特征。通过主成分分析方法筛选影响甘蔗氮高效利用的重要指标,通过聚类分析对58份种质进行聚类。结果表明,低氮(0.2 mmol/L N)处理可以明显从植物形态区分不同种质的氮利用差异,58份种质低氮条件下的干重范围为0.64~14.75 g/株,氮累积量为5.53~63.00 mg/株,氮利用率范围为115.40~279.30 g/g。对低氮压力下甘蔗干重及氮累积等25个指标进行主成分分析后,提取出4个主要成分,总贡献率为92.35%。通过高、低氮条件下与氮利用效率有关的氮转移系数及基因潜力等19个指标分析后提取出5个主成分,总贡献率为82.21%。影响甘蔗氮高效的重要指标有甘蔗的干重(全株、叶、根)、氮累积量(全株、叶、茎)、氮利用率(全株、叶)、叶的相对氮利用率、茎的基因潜力、茎的相对干物质量和茎的相对氮累积量。经聚类分析后初步将58份甘蔗种质分为氮高效基因型、偏氮高效基因型、偏氮低效基因型和氮低效基因型。 相似文献
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74.
Lin SHI Xue-wu YU Wei YAO Ben-liang YU Li-kun HE Yuan GAO Yun-xian ZHANG Guo-bin TIAN Ji-hui PING Xiu-rong WANG 《农业科学学报》2019,18(7):1428-1435
In recent years, the avian influenza has brought not only serious economic loss to the poultry industry in China but also a serious threat to human health because of the avian influenza virus(AIV) gene recombination and reassortment. Until now, traditional RT-PCR, fluorescence RT-PCR and virus isolation identification have been developed and utilized to detect AIV, but these methods require high-level instruments and experimental conditions, not suitable for the rapid detection in field and farms. In order to develop a rapid, sensitive and practical method to detect and identify AIV subtypes, 4 specific primers to the conserved region of AIV M gene were designed and a loop-mediated isothermal amplification(RT-LAMP) method was established. Using this method, the M gene of H1–H16 subtypes of AIV were amplified in 30 min with a water bath and all 16 H subtypes of AIV were able to be visually identified in presence of fluorescein, without cross reaction with other susceptible avian viruses. In addition, the detection limit of the common H1, H5, H7, and H9 AIV subtypes with the RT-LAMP method was 0.1 PFU(plaque-forming unit), which was 10 times more sensitive than that using the routine RT-PCR. Further comparative tests found that the positivity rate of RT-LAMP on detecting clinical samples was 4.18%(14/335) comparing with 3.58%(12/335) from real-time RT-PCR. All these results suggested that the RT-LAMP method can specifically detect and identify AIV with high sensitivity and can be considered as a fast, convenient and practical method for the clinic test and epidemiological investigation of AIV. 相似文献
75.
以超高压改性与高压均质相结合为关键技术制备速溶薏米粉,并对速溶薏米粉营养成分及其特性进行了测定。结果表明,制备的速溶薏米粉主要营养成分保存较好,抗性淀粉含量显著增加,休止角较小,堆积密度较大,结块率较小,冲调性和蛋白质分散性较好,消化率较低,香气风味及色泽等稍逊于常见谷物粉,但口感较好,为薏米冲调食品的开发提供依据。 相似文献
76.
从蜂蜜、葡萄、面包3种原料中提取天然酵母进行梯度驯化,再通过紫外诱变育种,筛选出具有耐高糖性质的酵母并对其相关特性进行研究,将筛选出的菌株应用于黄酒酿造过程。结果表明,筛选出的酵母可耐受的糖度、pH值、酒精度分别为40%,1.5和10%Vol,将其应用于黄酒发酵中,经过7 d发酵后,菌株降糖能力较传统菌株提高了20 g/L,酒精度提高了0.4%Vol,糖类物质转化率达到11%。采用自然驯化和紫外诱变育种相结合,得到适用于黄酒酿造生产的耐高糖酵母菌株。 相似文献
77.
为研究microRNA-124-3p(miR-124-3p)对H1N1亚型猪流感病毒(swine influenza virus,SIV)感染小鼠所致肺损伤的调控作用,本试验构建miR-124-3p腺病毒表达载体,通过小鼠尾部静脉注射法构建miR-124-3p差异表达小鼠模型,试验分3组:过表达组、抑制组和对照组。48 h后,各组小鼠鼻腔接种H1N1亚型SIV,每只105 EID50(50 μL)。连续观察14 d,计算小鼠平均体重变化率、观察病理切片并测定相关炎症因子IL-1β、TNF-α和IL-6 mRNA相对表达量。结果显示,已成功将pre-miR序列及其sponge序列插入腺病毒的穿梭质粒,并将其共转染293A细胞。实时荧光定量PCR检测证实,与对照组相比,过表达组和抑制组小鼠黑色素瘤细胞miR-124-3p表达水平分别极显著升高(P<0.01)和显著降低(P<0.05),表明成功构建腺病毒表达载体。过表达组、抑制组和对照组小鼠体重变化率分别为-5.5%、-12.4%和-8.6%。抑制组和对照组均可见肺泡壁增厚,其间有多量淋巴细胞浸润,部分肺泡内出现纤维蛋白渗出,且抑制组病理变化更为严重,肺泡中还有大量的红细胞浸润;而过表达组仅有少量的淋巴细胞浸润,肺脏组织较正常。与对照组相比,过表达组检测的炎症因子IL-1β、TNF-α和IL-6 mRNA表达水平均显著降低(P<0.05);抑制组炎症相关炎症因子mRNA表达水平均显著升高(P<0.05)。本试验结果表明,miR-124-3p对H1N1亚型SIV感染小鼠所致的肺脏炎症因子的表达具有抑制作用,同时能减轻肺脏病理损伤。 相似文献
78.
Xue YANG Junpeng LI Tingting ZHAO Lidong MO Jianli ZHANG Huiqin REN Nianxi ZHAO 《干旱区科学》2019,11(1):66-74
Intraspecific trait variation and heritability in different environmental conditions not only suggest a potential for an evolutionary response but also have important ecological consequences at the population, community, and ecosystem levels. However, the contribution of quantitative trait variation within a grassland species to evolutionary responses or ecological consequences is seldom documented. Leymus chinensis is an important dominant species in semi-arid grasslands of China, which has seriously suffered from drought and high temperature stresses in recent decades. In the present study, we measured variation and heritability of 10 quantitative traits, namely the number of tillers, maximum shoot height, number of rhizomes, maximum rhizome length, rhizome mass, aboveground mass, root mass, maximum net photosynthetic rate(Pmax), specific leaf area(SLA), and leaf length to leaf width ratio(LL/LW), for 10 genotypes of L. chinensis under one non-stress(Ck) condition and three environmental stress conditions(i.e., drought(Dr), high temperature(Ht), and both drought and high temperature(DrHt)). Result indicated that(1) the interaction of genotype and environmental condition(G×E) was significant for 6 traits but not significant for the other 4 traits as shown by two-way analysis of variance(ANOVA), suggesting that different selection forces were placed for different traits on the factors dominating phenotypic responses to different environmental conditions. Moreover, these significant G×E effects on traits indicated significantly different phenotypic adaptive responses among L. chinensis genotypes to different environmental conditions. Additionally, individuals could be grouped according to environmental condition rather than genotype as shown by canonical discriminant analysis, indicating that environmental condition played a more important role in affecting phenotypic variation than genotype;(2) by one-way ANOVA, significant differences among L. chinensis genotypes were found in all 10 traits under Ck and Dr conditions, in 8 traits under Dr Ht condition and only in 4 traits under Ht condition; and(3) all 10 traits showed relatively low or non-measurable broad-sense heritability(H_2) under stress conditions. However, the lowest H_2 value for most traits did not occur under DrHt condition, which supported the hypothesis of 'unfavorable conditions have unpredictable effects' rather than 'unfavorable conditions decrease heritability'. Results from our experiment might aid to improve predictions on the potential impacts of climate changes on L. chinensis and eventually species conservation and ecosystem restoration. 相似文献
79.
灌浆温度和氮肥及其互作效应对稻米贮藏蛋白组分的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
HAN Zhan-Yu GUAN Xian-Yue ZHAO Qian WU Chun-Yan HUANG Fu-Deng PAN Gang CHENG Fang-Min 《作物学报》2020,46(7):1087-1098
灌浆结实期温度与氮肥施用量是影响稻米品质的两个重要生态因子,尤其是与稻米蛋白含量及米饭食味关系密切。本文以多个水稻主栽品种为材料,通迆灌浆结实期的人工控温试验、大田长期定位点的施氮处理试验和盆栽条件下的温氮两因素复合处理试验,探讨了水稻灌浆结实期温度对稻米贮藏蛋白含量与组分影响及其有别于氮肥处理效应的差异觃律,幵分析了温度与氮肥两个因素对稻米贮藏蛋白及其组分影响的交互作用特点。结果表明,高温胁迫和增施氮肥均引起水稻籽粒总蛋白及其谷蛋白组分含量(%)的显著增加,但两者对稻米醇溶蛋白影响却存在明显差别。其中,高温处理引起醇溶蛋白含量显著下降,提高稻米谷蛋白/醇溶蛋白比值,而增施氮肥引起稻米谷蛋白和醇溶蛋白含量明显增加,但对谷蛋白/醇溶蛋白比值与贮藏蛋白各亚基的组成比例影响相对较小。在高温处理下,谷蛋白的57kD前体亚基组分含量有所提高,而37kD酸性亚基和22kD碱性亚基随温度处理的差异变化却因品种而异,且高温处理对水稻籽粒蛋白绝对含量(mg grain~(–1))的影响程度也进没有其对蛋白相对含量(%)的影响明显。高氮×高温处理组合对稻米总蛋白与谷蛋白含量的影响程度显著大于单一高温或高氮处理,但在高氮水平下由高温引起稻米醇溶蛋白含量的下降幅度却小于其低氮对照,有利于稻米醇溶蛋白含量在不同温度处理下的相对稳定。 相似文献
80.
Meghnath Pokharel Anuj Chiluwal Michael Stamm Doohong Min Davina Rhodes S.V. Krishna Jagadish 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2020,206(5):579-596
Winter canola (Brassica napus L.) is highly sensitive to increasing temperatures during the reproductive and pod-filling stages. Although the impact of high day-time temperature stress on yield and quality has been documented in canola, similar information under high night-time temperature (HNT) stress is not available. Using six hybrids and four open-pollinated cultivars, we observed a marked shift in peak flowering towards earlier, cooler hours of the morning under HNT. Averaged across two independent experiments, the photochemical efficiency of photosystem II was significantly decreased (3%), with a significant increase in thylakoid membrane damage (13%) in the leaves of susceptible cultivars under HNT stress. Similarly, the susceptible cultivars also recorded significant reduction in biomass (34%), pod number (22%), pod weight (37%) and total seed weight (40%) per plant while the same set of agronomic traits were not affected among the tolerant cultivars. Quantitative impact of heat stress was confirmed with increased sensitivity to HNT exposure from gametogenesis until maturity resulting in a significantly higher yield loss compared to stress exposure from post-flowering till maturity. HNT significantly decreased oil concentration, but increased protein concentration and saturated fatty acid levels in seeds of the susceptible cultivars. However, HNT had no impact on the unsaturated fatty acids in both hybrids and the open-pollinated cultivars. Breeding targets based on fatty acid composition for enhancing canola seed quality may not be easily amenable due to the inconsistency documented with the compositional changes under heat stress. In summary, our findings conclude that canola hybrids are better suited to regions experiencing heat stress, compared to open-pollinated cultivars, indicating the possibility of a complete shift to hybrid canola cultivation under predicted hotter climates in the future. 相似文献